"Land" is a weighty word. In the western world it refers to a possession with boundaries defined by abstract lines and legal descriptions, an economic asset to be taxed under threat of forfeiture. We can't escape that reality, so we mark our boundaries and pay our taxes, but that is such a shallow and artificial concept of land.
From an ecologist's perspective, land is an energized bio-geophysical system, so complex, layered, and interwoven that it makes even the wildest ideas of magic seem mundane. It functions whether we’re here or not, and it scoffs at the arrogance of survey lines and legal descriptions claiming to be boundaries on it. We can partner with this system, influence and manipulate it to produce things we value - that's really the point of farming. But we can also break that system if we are careless or abusive with it. If we go away it will eventually erase the evidence we were here. But while we are here, assuming we are respectful stewards, it allows us to participate in and benefit from its workings. And it eventually consents to being our place.
Land as place is spaces, patterns, cycles that grow familiar ... views, landmarks, aromas, and acoustics that hold on to and replay memories and emotions. It is a sense of safety, a sense of belonging. It's a memory bank for our histories - successes and failures, fulfilled dreams and lost hopes, and it holds the bones of beloved pets so you'll always know where they are. Land as place is a receptacle for our humanity, a point of connection between spirit and planet for the brief time we are here.
My Indigenous friends talk about land relationships instead of management plans and relatives instead of resources. That makes more than a little sense to me. Knowing that the relationship with this land helped define the identity of at least 400 generations of Indigenous people, being the current steward of this land must be understood as a trust. I am not Indigenous, and it is not my place to attempt to explain what land means from an Indigenous perspective. However, I can only trace my own family lineage for about 40 generations and their connection to any given place rarely lasted long, so I think saying this land provided a sense of place for Indigenous people would be a profound understatement. I strive to engage the land with acknowledgement and respect for the land relationships of those 400 generations, and I strive to leave the land in a condition that won't hinder their descendants if society ever evolves in such a way that they have the opportunity to reestablish those relationships.
I’ve walked every inch of this land we call “ours” so many times, observing and analyzing its ecology, trying to gain a little understanding of its nature as place, trying to envision it through the eyes of past generations. There’s much more to learn, and it will take more than the time I have left here, but I think this is my place for as long as I’m here.
The substance of land as ecosystem, as place, as a trust, would take at least a book or two to discuss. However, geography, soils, flora and fauna, and climate are essential things for ecologists and farmers to understand if they are to be good stewards of land, and can help give others a sense of the potential and the experience of a parcel of land. With that in mind, here is a brief introduction to the land we are privileged to partner with.
Our place is located in Interior Alaska, about 27 miles (43.5 km) east-northeast of Fairbanks. It is part of the traditional home land of the Chena band of the Tanana Dene.
Globally we are at Latitude 64°52'00"N, Longitude 146°58'30"W, and an elevation of 600 ft (182 m) above sea level.
Regionally, we are in the boreal forest biome, 118 miles (190 km) south of the Arctic Circle, in the Tanana River Valley, a major tributary of the mighty Yukon River.
Locally, we're on a wide fluvial terrace, about half a mile (0.8 km) north of the bottom lands of the Chena River, and about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of a steep ridge that marks the northern edge of the Chena River valley.
The soils within the boundaries we claim are about 80% Prospect silt loam and 20% Fairbanks silt loam. Both are very deep, well drained loess soils typically found under white spruce, paper birch, and aspen forest. Our cropping areas have been cleared and planted to hay for a few decades so the typical organic layer is gone. The A and B horizons of both soils tend to run slightly acidic. The Fairbanks series tends to have a deeper solum than the Prospect series, but both are sufficiently deep for strong tap roots and they're functionally difficult to tell apart. It does seem that the Fairbanks series tends to warm a little faster but hold moisture a bit longer in the spring. There are some low swales that remain wet most of the time but there is no surface water on the property (except melt water during spring breakup).
Based on results from drilling a well (~90 ft or 27.4 m deep) and a set of cores drilled prior to building our house (35 ft or 10.6 m deep), there is no shallow permafrost on the property, and vegetation patterns in the forested acres are generally consistent with that evidence.
What we call natural resources, my Indigenous friends call relatives, and that seems fitting to me. The relatives I have met on this land since we came here, and that help define this place, include:
Paper Birch, Aspen, White Spruce, Willow, Alder
Prickly rose, iris, dwarf dogwood, lady slipper orchids, fireweed, yarrow, Labrador tea, cinquefoil, spirea, cowparsnip
Lingonberries, blueberries, crow berries, high bush cranberries, cloud berries, red currants
Mushrooms, mosses, lichens, horsetail, various native grasses
Wolf, black bear, grizzly bear, moose, lynx, fox, marten, mink, ermine, snowshoe hare, porcupine, red squirrel, flying squirrel, vole, wood frog
Raven, sandhill crane, various teal and ducks, spruce grouse, magpie, Canada jay, boreal owl, northern hawk owl, great gray owl, various hawks, kestrel, swallow, robin, chickadee, thrush, crossbill, junco, redpoll. A golden eagle stopped by once and sat on a tree by the field for a bit, but this isn't a regular hangout for them.
Based on our records since moving to this property 25 years ago, the average last spring frost is May 27 and the average first fall frost is September 9, giving an average un-extended growing season of 105 days. With highly effective season extension (floating row covers, high tunnels, etc.) that can be stretched to between 135 and 150 days (early May to late September). However, climate change is extending the interior Alaska growing season in interesting ways (for example, see Wendler and Shulski, 2009; Strickler, 2003) and it seems likely that pattern will continue. Due to our high latitude, we get less than 10 hours per day of sunlight between October 12 and March 1 so even if temperatures moderate, the growing season is eventually light-limited (without artificial lighting, of course).
The table below shows how normals for temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and wind speeds are distributed throughout the year, based on U.S. National Weather Service data. The winds here are northerly about 45% of the time, southerly about 25% of the time, and evenly split between easterly and westerly the rest of the time, which is an important consideration in planning wind breaks and cropping arrangements.